“I am studying law.”

“I am studying law.”

Lavinia Goodell, March 7, 1872

After moving to Janesville in the fall of 1871 to take care of her aging parents, Lavinia Goodell spent the first few months organizing the household and settling into her new home, but by the start of the new year, she was ready for new challenges. In early March she wrote to her cousin, Sarah Thomas:

Since you have told me so much – I will tell you what I am doing. I am studying law. Have been at it about six weeks. Like it ever so much. Have been thro’ “Warren’s Law Studies” and two vols. of Blackstone, and am in the third. I am studying with Mr. Jackson, who is one of the pillars of the Congregational Church, and a good woman’s rights man.

The “Mr. Jackson” Lavinia referred to was A.A. Jackson.

Alfred Augustus Jackson

Jackson was born in Oneida County, New York in 1831 and moved to Janesville in 1855. Jackson practiced law in partnership with a number of other attorneys – and in August of 1872 formed a partnership with Pliny Norcross, who would play an important role in Lavinia’s legal career – but when he took Lavinia on as a law student he was a sole practitioner. As he did throughout her life, Lavinia’s father, William Goodell, played an important role in helping her undertake her new studies. Lavinia told her cousin that, “My parents are satisfied with the idea (indeed, Father arranged the business for me), and nobody seems shocked.”

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“I should like to be admitted next summer.”

“I should like to be admitted next summer.”

Lavinia Goodell, December 1873

In January of 1874, exactly 150 years ago, Lavinia Goodell was in the final stages of her law studies and was beginning to plan how and when she would be admitted to practice law. Shortly before Christmas 1873, she wrote to her sister Maria, “I am studying Greenleaf’s evidence. It is very interesting, and I wish I hadn’t anything else to do but just go ahead on my law. I should like to be admitted next summer, but don’t know how it will be.”

Lavinia Goodell’s letter to her sister, December 18, 1873
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Lavinia passes the bar: “[T]he judge proceeded to question us in quite an alarming manner”

Lavinia passes the bar: “[T]he judge proceeded to question us in quite an alarming manner”

Today, in most states, the bar exam involves an 8-week prep course and several days of written tests, which are administered at set times each year. In 1874, the experience was quite different, especially for Lavinia Goodell, the first woman admitted to the bar in Wisconsin.

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“Law offices, suffering for want of students to help, … and yet they would not let me in, because I was a woman.”

“Law offices, suffering for want of students to help, … and yet they would not let me in, because I was a woman.”

Lavinia Goodell, 1873

It is a common misconception that Belle Case LaFollette, wife of Wisconsin Governor and U.S. Senator Fighting Bob LaFollette, was Wisconsin’s first woman lawyer. While Belle was the first woman to graduate from the University of Wisconsin Law school in 1885, five years after Lavinia’s death, Lavinia became the state’s first woman attorney in 1874 after studying the law on her own for over two years and then passing an examination in the Rock County Circuit Court. Entering the profession without going to law school was quite common at the time. Many of Lavinia’s sisters in law followed the same path.

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